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Eyes: How They Work, Anatomy and Common Condition

The eye is a complex sensory organ that allows us to see the world around us. The eye works by gathering light from the environment and converting it into electrical signals that can be interpreted by the brain. The basic structure of the eye includes the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, and optic nerve. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps to focus incoming light. The iris is the colored part of the eye that regulates the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil, which is the black circular opening in the center of the iris. The lens is a clear, flexible structure located behind the iris that helps to focus light onto the retina. The retina is a thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye and contains photoreceptor cells called rods and cones. These cells convert light into electrical signals that are sent to the brain via the optic nerve. The rods are responsible for the low light vision and detecting motion, while the cones are resp

Reproductive system (Female reproductive system)

Female reproductive system: The female reproductive system includes a complex set of organs that work together to enable the production of eggs and the fertilization and development of a fetus. Here is a brief overview of the anatomy of the female reproductive system: Ovaries: These are two small, almond-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus. They produce eggs and secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Fallopian tubes: These are two thin tubes that extend from the ovaries to the uterus. They are lined with tiny hair-like structures called cilia that help move the egg from the ovary to the uterus. Uterus: This is a muscular organ that is designed to support the development of a fetus during pregnancy. It is located in the pelvis and has a thick lining called the endometrium. Cervix: This is the lower part of the uterus that connects it to the vagina. It contains a small opening called the os, which allows sperm to enter during intercourse and allows menstrual

Reproductive system (Male reproductive system)

The reproductive system is the collection of organs and tissues in the body responsible for the production, storage, and transportation of gametes (sperm and eggs) and the facilitation of sexual reproduction. The reproductive system is different in males and females, but both systems work together for the purpose of reproduction. Male reproductive system: The male reproductive system includes the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands, urethra, and penis. The testes produce sperm and the hormone testosterone. The sperm mature and are stored in the epididymis before being transported through the vas deferens to the urethra during ejaculation. The accessory glands (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands) produce fluids that mix with the sperm to form semen. The penis delivers semen to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse. Female reproductive system: The female reproductive system includes the ovari

Digestive system function and anatomy

The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract - also called the GI tract or digestive tract - and the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the mouth to the anus. The hollow organs that make up the GI tract are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system. The small intestine has three parts. The first part is called the duodenum. The jejunum is in the middle and the ileum is at the end. The large intestine includes the appendix, cecum, colon, and rectum. The appendix is a finger-Shaped pouch attached to the cecum. The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The colon is next. The rectum is the end of the large intestine. Bacteria in your GI tract, also called gut flora or microbiome, help with digestion. Part of your nervous and circulatory systems also help. Working together

Anatomy of the Endocrine System

Endocrine System The endocrine system is a network of glands and organs located throughout the body. It’s similar to the nervous system in that it plays a vital role in controlling and regulating many of the body’s functions. However, while the nervous system uses nerve impulses and neurotransmitters for communication, the endocrine system uses chemical messengers called hormones. What does the endocrine system do? The endocrine system is responsible for regulating a range of bodily functions through the release of hormones. Hormones are secreted by the glands of the endocrine system, traveling through the bloodstream to various organs and tissues in the body. The hormones then tell these organs and tissues what to do or how to function. Some examples of bodily functions that are controlled by the endocrine system include: * metabolism *growth and development *sexual function and reproduction *heart rate *blood pressure *appetite *sleeping an

Musculoskeletal system: Anatomy and functions (Human Skeletal system)

Skeletal system The adult human skeleton is composed of 206 bones and their associated cartilage. The bones are supported by ligaments, tendons, bursae, and muscles. The bones of the body are grouped into two distinct divisions: Axial skeleton: includes the bones along the long axis of the body. The axial skeleton consists of the vertebral column, bones of the head and bones of the thoracic cage. Appendicular skeleton: that involves the bones of the shoulder and pelvic girdle, as well as the bones of the upper and lower extremities. Bones: Bones are rigid structures made of calcified dense connective tissue. Bone tissue is composed of a mineralized bone matrix that consists of type 1 collagen fibers dispersed throughout the ground substance. The cellular component of the bones is represented by three types of specialized bone cells called osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteocla